A Florida scrub habitat, also known as a scrub ecosystem or xeric oak scrub, is a unique and specialized type of ecosystem found primarily in Florida. Florida scrub habitats are considered one of the rarest and most endangered ecosystems in the state due to urban development, agriculture, and other human activities that have led to their fragmentation and decline.

Florida scrub habitats are typically found on sandy soils that drain quickly, resulting in low water retention. This leads to low soil moisture levels and challenges for plant growth. The plant species that thrive in Florida scrub habitats have evolved to tolerate the nutrient-poor, well-drained soil and frequent wildfires that are a natural part of the ecosystem. Common plants include various species of oaks (such as sand live oak and Chapman's oak), Florida rosemary, scrub hickory, saw palmetto, and wiregrass.

Fire is a crucial component of Florida scrub habitats. Regular, low-intensity wildfires help maintain the open and diverse structure of the scrub by preventing the growth of woody vegetation that would otherwise outcompete the specialized plants adapted to this environment. Many scrub plants have fire-resistant or fire-promoting adaptations.

Florida scrub habitats support a range of unique and specialized wildlife species. Some examples include the Florida scrub-jay, a bird that is highly adapted to this ecosystem and relies on acorns and other food sources found in the scrub. Gopher tortoises are another important resident, as they create burrows that provide shelter for a variety of other animals. Despite its seemingly harsh conditions, scrub habitats host a remarkable diversity of species that are uniquely adapted to this ecosystem. These species have evolved specific strategies to cope with the nutrient-poor soils, limited water availability, and frequent disturbances like fire.

These habitats are highly threatened due to urbanization, agriculture, invasive species, and habitat fragmentation. Conservation efforts are focused on preserving and restoring these ecosystems through controlled burns, habitat restoration, and protection of key areas.